Doppler-cancellation Technique for Determining the Altitude Dependence of Gravitational Red Shift in an Earth Satellite

The distributions of electric charge and magnetism in an atomic nucleus are usually described in terms of multipole moments limited in number by the magnitude of the nuclear angular momentum. In this laboratory, atomic-beam techniques are used to determine such electric and magnetic moments. In addition, information about the radial distribution of nuclear magnetism can be obtained in cases in which more than one isotope is available. These techniques lend themselves to such precision that they were used in this laboratory for the development of the most accurate atomic clock. In turn, these clocks are being used to make studies on the nature of time itself. Precision apparatus is under construction to observe not only the dependence of atomic time on gravitational potential but also the epochal dependence of nuclear, gravitational, and atomic time. Similar studies are being made on the velocity of light.